Modern Romanticism is a literary and artistic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that placed value on emotion over reason, on the imagination over society. Some sources say Romanticism started in reaction to neo-classicism (or the Enlightenment). Neo-Classicism's duration was u...

The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake and Candide In 1755, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Lisbon, Portugal, changing European history and philosophy. But how does one geologic event trigger a paradigm shift from naturalism to liberalism Naturalism unites with rationalism duri...

CENTURY OF FURNACE The 18th century was the Century of the Furnace and industrial revolution glowed China, India, and West. In Europe, there were new ways of thinking strengthened and disrupted. Also, American Revolution strained between Europe and colonies. In Fi...