The role of foreign policy in the United States is a widely disputed area of politics. There are two distinct schools of thought that I believe, upon combining, will lead to a better approach to foreign policy. The first school of thought is hegemonic realism, and the second is prudent realism. Thro...

The Great Depression of the Inter-war years (1929-1933) was the most profound shock ever to strike the world economy. Economists all around the world were looking for answers why and for how long the Depression will go on, they began to ask themselves questions about the capitalism –was it the...

What Were the Prime Motivations in the Conduct of US Foreign Policy From 1898-1941? Primarily the United States entered the world political spectrum following its comprehensive victory over Spain in the Spanish-American War (1895-1898) and it was to prove the forbearer of American foreign polic...

Preface: How has the ninth edition been updated? In this updated edition, certain chapters have in added in light of the attacks of September 11, 2001. There was a chapter added on the foreign policies of Clinton and Yelstin-Putin also, an introduction to the beginnings of George W. Bush's...

When most people look at war the first thing that they usually take into consideration is the destruction, anarchy and casualties, when in reality the most important aspect of war might be the theories of why the war happened instead of what went on during the conflict. These theories can show us m...

The Second World War had its roots in the willingness of Japanese militarist, German Nazis and Italian Fascists to go to war to get their own way. Their countries had grievances, which militarists, Nazis and Fascists strenuously encouraged. For instance, the flaws in the Peace Settlement after...

When Germany was under a monetary crisis after having to pay reparations for World War II, people had turned to Adolf Hitler. He made promises of restoring Germany to its original form and many people were willing to support him. However, the failure of the Munich Putsch in 1923 had failed and had ...

Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine was the impetus for the change in United States foreign policy, from isolationist to internationalists; thus we were drawn into two wars of containment and into world affairs. The Truman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its inception - aid...

THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II Even while World War II war still being fought, leaders of the Allied powers began thinking about how to reconstruct Europe after the war. Winston Churchill of Britain, Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union a...

Exogenous factor shaping economic growth continent wide was the great power conflict. Countries falling for geographical and other reasons within the U.S. and Soviet spheres of influence felt strong pressure to adopt the same form of economic organization as their dominant partner. And how they orga...

LOVE YOUR SERVITUDE Pharmacologists are producing a great many wonder drugs where the cure is almost worse than the disease. Every year a new edition of medical text books contains a longer and longer chapter on what are called iatrogenic diseases, that is to say, diseases caused by doctors. --...

The Communist World and the Free World were two kinds of economic and political camps existing in 1985. At the center of these camps were two nations, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics who followed the principals of communism, and the United States of America with the belief in Capitalism and...

The Monroe Doctrine The nineteenth century was an exciting and vibrant era that not only dramatically altered the physical face of our nation due to the rapid development of large cities and manufacturing facilities, but also helped modify and shape the values that have come to define our Amer...

The German economy lay in a state of despair after WWII, stemming from problems that occurred well before this. But a miracle happened; Germany was able to turn around their economic tragedy to one of substantial growth and wealth, lifting itself from the bottom to one of the top economies in Europe...

Reparations Justified The question of Reparations, has been the subject of many arguments, and will continue to be. Now, throughout history, man has self-defin...

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace agreement between Germany and the Allies signed at the end of The Great War on January 18, 1919. The countries that were involved in this armistice were the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and the German Republic, which had just replaced the incumben...

Population redistributions based on ethnicity have defused intense rivalries in the recent past, and could be a solution to the internal ethnic crises for nations such as the former Yugoslavia. Currently described by the media as "ethnic cleansing", Population redistributions have been the focus of ...

Justice in its Infancy: The International Criminal CourtIn times of cultural flux and massive societal change, when societies are coming to terms with entirely new political realities the question of how to deal with the sins of the past can fall by the wayside. Often, the successor regimes are in ...